Colorectal, in full.

Lifestyle modification is the foundation of MASLD treatment, centered on a tiered weight-loss ladder targeting 7-10% body-weight loss for NASH/fibrosis improvement via a Mediterranean dietary pattern, elimination of sugar-sweetened beverages, 150 min/week of moderate aerobic activity plus resistance training, and alcohol reduction toward abstinence. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are added on top of lifestyle when lifestyle alone is insufficient, but each is gated by disease stage, comorbidity, and eligibility rather than applied as generic escalation: resmetirom is indicated (in conjunction with diet and exercise) only for noncirrhotic MASH with moderate-to-advanced fibrosis (F2-F3) and is not recommended in cirrhosis; GLP-1 receptor agonists are directed to patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and/or obesity, with semaglutide now guidance-supported for noncirrhotic MASH with F2-F3 fibrosis; pioglitazone is reserved for biopsy-proven MASH, with or without type 2 diabetes; vitamin E 800 IU/day is reserved for biopsy-proven MASH in patients without type 2 diabetes and without cirrhosis; and bariatric/metabolic surgery is an option only for patients meeting metabolic weight-loss-surgery eligibility (BMI ≥40 kg/m2, or ≥35 kg/m2 with comorbidities), cannot be considered primary therapy for compensated MASH cirrhosis, and carries increased operative risk in decompensated cirrhosis. Comorbidity management-CV risk, statins, diabetes, OSA screening, thyroid, vaccination-is integral to MASLD care.